Like spinal cord stimulation, peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) involves the application of mild electrical currents directly to the nerves, except that PNS stimulates nerves outside of the spinal canal, and spinal cord stimulation stimulates the spinal cord itself. PNS requires surgical placement of a minute, wire-like electrode adjacent to the affected peripheral nerve. This device delivers pulses rapidly, which the patient feels as paresthesias or mild tingles.

PNS addresses neuropathic pain symptoms related to nerve injury, including temporary numbness and pricking sensations, sensitivity to touch, muscle wasting, and even burning pain. Such sensations typically begin in the extremities and travel toward the trunk.

Diagnosing peripheral nerve issues involves a neurological exam of the area supplied by the affected nerve(s). A trial run follows, which tests the patient's response to electrodes placed temporarily along the target peripheral nerve’s length. When pain subsides with specific placements, this provides a guideline for setting the permanent electrodes to the particular nerve site.

Most PNS stimulators contain batteries designed to last for years and thus provide patients with a convenient, long-lasting, and remotely controlled antidote to nerve pain. Electrical pulse settings may be adjusted as required, thus delivering pain relief at the highest and most lasting level.